Seguridad para las baterías Lipo
Las baterías de polímero de litio o LiPo son una novedosa manera de almacenar energía para teléfonos moviles, aparatos de electrónica doméstica, y sobre todo en modelos de radiocontrol, como aviones, coches, drones etc.
Son capaces de almacenar (aproximadamente) un 350% más energía que una batería NiCd o NiHm típica, y pesan entre un 10% y un 20% menos.
También pueden descargar mucha más corriente que una batería NiCd o NiHm, y pueden cargarse completamente en aproximadamente una hora.
Las baterías LiPo tampoco desarrollan el famoso efecto memoria o bajada de voltaje como las baterías NiCd o NiHm, y no necesitan ser descargadas antes de cargarse.
Pero tambien tienen desventajas. El mal manejo de estas baterías puede provocar incendios, explosiones e inhalación tóxica de humo.
La batería "1S" o 1 batería LiPo tiene un voltaje nominal de 3.7v.
Cuando está totalmente cargada tiene un voltaje máximo de 4.2v y cuando está totalmente descargada, nunca debe de estar por debajo de 3.0v para no arriesgar la vida de cada elemento.
Cuando se dice que una batería es "5S4P" significa que el paquete contiene 5 celdas en serie y 4 celdas en paralelo.
Puesto que cada elemento es tiene un voltaje nominal de 3.7v, una batería 5S LiPo tendrá una tensión total nominal de 18.5v, un voltaje cuando esta completamente cargada de 21.0v y un voltaje mínimo que no baje de 15.0v antes de que la batería sufra algún daño por baja tensión.
Aquí trataremos de aclarar las medidas de seguridad aconsejables para cargar y manejar los paquetes de baterías Lipo.
Algunas precauciones pueden parecer bastante obvias, pero a menudo son las cosas obvias las más peligrosas cuando se ignoran.
Las baterías de polímero de litio o LiPo, tienen requisitos de carga muy específicos y sólo deben cargarse con cargadores específicos diseñados para cargar baterías de polímero de litio.
Recomendamos solamente la carga balanceada para cargar las baterias lipo.
Todos los packs de buena calidad Lipo vienen con 2 conectores. El cable principal de carga/descarga con su conector que puede ser de diferentes modelos, y el conector de balanceo.
El uso de un cargador de balanceo microprocesado para cargar las baterías Lipo asegurará que todas las celdas de la batería tengan los mismos voltajes. El valor de voltaje es crítico para su uso de la batería, y la seguridad de cada celda.
Al cargar baterías LiPo, deben ser cargadas con la tensión del número de células en serie, por lo tanto, en un paquete 5S4P debe ser cargado como paquete de 5 elementos.
El cargador que se utilize para cargar las baterías lipo debe ser capaz de manejar el numero de elementos de la batería que está cargando.
Un buen cargador microprocesado detectará automáticamente el numero de celdas de la batería que se está cargando mientras que los más sencillos requerirán un ajuste manual.
Los cargadores que detectan automáticamente el de elementos en una batería LiPo a veces pueden estar equivocados. Utilizan el voltaje total de la batería para determinar el recuento de células y si la batería está completamente cargada o a un voltaje más bajo de lo que debería ser, puede leer el recuento de células incorrectamente. Es por eso que es muy importante comprobar que el numero de células que se muestra en la pantalla LCD es el correcto.
Pensarlo con calma e invertir en un cargador Lipo de buena calidad desde el principio no sólo te ahorrará dinero a largo plazo, sino que también garantizara tu seguridad!
Manejo y almacenamiento de baterías LiPo
- Manten las baterías LiPo fuera del alcance de los niños.
- No guardes los paquetes de baterías en bolsillos o bolsas donde puedan cortocircuitarse.
- No transportes las baterías donde puedan entrar en contacto con objetos afilados o metálicos.
- No almacenes tus paquetes LiPo con temperaturas extremas por debajo de 0ºC o por encima de 50ºC.
- Ten siempre tus paquete LiPo en un contenedor seguro y no inflamable lejos de objetos inflamables. Un Bolsa de LiPo o recipiente de almacenamiento de metálico es lo mejor.
- Siempre guarda tu LiPo parcialmente cargada. Mantendrás sus niveles de rendimiento a lo largo plazo y no tendras la necesidad de realizar ciclos de carga y descarga, a menos que se almacenen por períodos de más de 3-6 meses.
- No sumerjas la batería en agua o permitas que la batería se moje.
- No la arrojes nunca al fuego ni la acerques al calor extremo.
- Cuando envíes por transporte las baterías LiPo, envíelas siempre en un estado de carga del 30% por razones de seguridad.
- Cuando almacenes las baterías durante períodos prolongados, guárdelas a un nivel de carga del 50%.
- Para deshacerse de una batería LiPo, puedes descargarla por completo y luego colócala en un cubo de agua salada durante una semana. Para su posterior reciclado, sigue la normativa de reciclado de tu municipio.
- Por último, sigue siempre las instrucciones de seguridad del fabricante y las normas de carga para los paquetes de baterías Lipo (suelen estar impresas en la etiqueta adhesiva en el reverso de la batería), están no sólo para prolongar la vida útil de tu batería, sino también para tu seguridad.
Consejos de carga de la batería LiPo
- Utiliza siempre un cargador para cargar las baterías LiPo
- Comprueba que la configuración del cargador de polímero de litio sea la correcta para cada bateria cargada. Esto incluye el numero de elementos, así como la configuración de tipo de batería.
- En general, la mayoría de las baterías lipo deben cargarse a no más de 4,2 voltios por célula o descargarse a menos de 3,0 voltios por célula.
- Asegúrate de que los cables de carga están conectados correctamente. La carga inversa puede causar daños en los elemetos, un incendio o una explosión.Siempre carga las baterías LiPo en superficies que no se incendien, como cemento, acero, cerámica o piedra. Las mesas de madera y los suelos alfombrados no son recomendables.
- No cargues las baterías cerca de productos o líquidos inflamables.
- Nunca cargues una batería LiPo mientras esté dentro de tu modelo u otro dispositivo electrónico. Si se incendia puede conducir a la destrucción total de todo el conjunto.
- Las baterías LiPo se deben cargar dentro de un rango de temperatura de 0C a 50C. Las baterías cargadas fuera de este intervalo de temperatura pueden sufrir pérdidas, generación de calor o daños en los elementos.
- Nunca dejes desatendida una batería lipo durante la carga.
- No cargues las baterías en el interior del coche, especialmente mientras se conduce.
- No guardes las baterías dentro de un automóvil.
- Si no se está seguro de la clasificación de carga, nunca cargue una batería lipo a una intensidad superior a 1C (1 x la capacidad nominal de la batería).
- Nunca carguesun paquete LiPo que se haya hinchado por el uso inadecuado, deformado por un golpe, o perforado accidentalmente.
- Nunca, bajo ninguna circunstancia, permitas que los conductores positivos y negativos de la batería se toquen entre sí. Puede producir el hinchado de la bateria, daños en uno o varios elementos, fuego o una explosión.
- A ser posible toma la precución de tener cerca un extintor manual de incendios cerca del área de carga o un cubo de arena seca, (no trates de extigir el incendio con agua).
- Si notas que tu batería LiPo está hinchándose, detén inmediatamente el proceso de carga, coloque la batería en un recipiente seguro y obsérvala durante 15 minutos.
- Carga los paquetes de baterías Lipo en una bolsa adecuada para la carga.
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